Family Law

Exploring Common Law Marriages in North Carolina

Common Law Marriages

A common law marriage is a legally recognized marriage that is permitted in certain jurisdictions and does not require a license or a ceremony. In these marriages, the state will recognize when two people live together as spouses and hold themselves out as a married couple. North Carolina does not recognize common law marriage arising in the state. However, a few states, including Iowa, South Carolina, and Colorado, and Texas do recognize common law marriages. For example, to have a valid common law marriage in Texas, the two individuals have to (1) agree to be married, (2) live together as husband and wife, (3) and show others that the marriage exists (i.e., hold themselves out as married).  In Alabama, each person must show an intention to be married and there must consummation. In a recent development, Alabama has abolished common marriages arising after January 1, 2017.

Although a common misconception, a couple need not enter the common law marriage for a specific time frame to gain recognition for common law marriage. They must only fulfill the qualitative requirements under the state statute.

North Carolina Recognizes Valid Common Law Marriage Arising Elsewhere

As discussed, North Carolina does not recognize common law marriage that arises or is commenced in the state. The only type of marriage that is valid in North Carolina requires a solemnization ceremony presided over by a minister or other persons authorized by law to perform marriage ceremonies. However, North Carolina will recognize common law marriages that arose in other states that recognize common law marriages. Therefore, spouses who commenced their marriage in South Carolina will not lose that recognition if they move to North Carolina so long as the marriage is still valid under South Carolina law and the couple can establish the date on which the marriage commenced. If a common law marriage was commenced in South Carolina, but it is found that the marriage was improperly formed, North Carolina has the right to withhold recognition of the marital relationship. Further, North Carolina has the authority to ensure that all benefits flowing from the marital relationship cease.

The Benefits of Having Common Law Marriage Recognized

The recognition of a common law marriage seems to become a crucial sticking point when the marriage ends, rather than during the marriage.  Still, recognition can bring about benefits during the marriage. These benefits can include access to health insurance and government or military-related entitlements that are based on the marital relationship. All the same, spouses who do not formally marry find importance in the recognition of a common law marriage if one of the spouses dies or when there is a dissolution of the relationship. In order to be divorced, one has to be married. If there is a recognition of a marriage, each spouse can reap the benefits of getting what they have invested into the relationship. The benefits can come in the form of alimony, property distribution, and standard of living considerations. In the same respect, if one spouse dies, recognition of the relationship as a marriage will entitle the surviving spouse to property under probate law in the case the deceased spouse did not leave a will. Again, although a couple cannot commence a common law marriage in North Carolina, it is important for them to know that North Carolina law will honor valid common law marriage arising in another state. The value of understanding the nuances of this law, can make a world of difference.

Do You Need Legal Assistance?

If you have any questions about a family law case or need general legal advice, please contact Powers Landreth PLLC in Charlotte. We have our experienced attorneys on-hand to provide you with quality legal representation. Contact us for your consultation.

Resources:

guides.sll.texas.gov/common-law-marriage

al.com/news/index.ssf/2016/12/common_law_marriage_in_alabama_1.html

ncga.state.nc.us/EnactedLegislation/Statutes/PDF/BySection/Chapter_51/GS_51-1.pdf

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Components of Child Support Costs in North Carolina

Today the examination will focus on the different components of child support in North Carolina. Before progressing any further, it is vital to note that the North Carolina courts will always try to act in the best interests of the child. If need be, the courts will take unorthodox actions to protect the children involved in any family dispute in North Carolina.

That being said, the North Carolina courts rely on three primary factors to determine child support: (1) gross monthly income, (2) childcare expenses and (3) insurance and healthcare expenses.

Gross Monthly Income

Under the North Carolina Child Support Guidelines, a fundamental component of child support involves the combined monthly income of both parents. North Carolina employs a table-based worksheet to determine the appropriate amount of child support.

The child support worksheets combine the total monthly income from both parents. Then the worksheets apply a multiplier for the number of children. The intersection of income and number of children represents the appropriate child support payment. Though it should be noted that the worksheet does account for the childcare as well as insurance and healthcare costs detailed in the following sections.

It is important to note that there are different worksheets for the varying types of child custody, including sole and joint custody. This ensures that the parents achieve an appropriate cost distribution to care for their children.

Childcare Expenses

Another aspect of the child support calculation in North Carolina involves childcare expenses. This category addresses the fundamental costs associated with raising a child, including but not limited to food, rent and transportation.

The childcare expenses category can also account for certain parental obligations as well. For example, if a parent has to spend money on daycare to search for a job, then they can add those costs to childcare expenses. The same can apply for money spent while the custodial parent attends school or other classes. In either case, the North Carolina courts have discretion to determine whether such costs should be included in childcare expenses.

Insurance and Healthcare Expenses

This category of child support in North Carolina centers on the costs of providing insurance and healthcare for the children involved. Expenses in this category typically include medical, dental and vision health insurance. This category also includes other healthcare costs that either parent incurs on behalf of the children involved.

Let Us Help You with Your Case

Whether you are dealing with child support, divorce or other aspects of family law, a proficient family law attorney can help you analyze important details and plan an appropriate strategy for a favorable outcome. Contact Powers Landreth PLLC in Charlotte, North Carolina for help today.

Resource:

nccourts.org/Forms/Documents/1226.pdf

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Important Considerations for Prenuptial Agreements in North Carolina

The idea of executing a prenuptial agreement, also known as a premarital agreement, can be scary for any couple on the road toward marriage. But in all reality, prenuptial agreements are an increasingly common situation for couples to face. Moreover, couples can decrease the potential friction associated with a prenuptial agreement through an understanding of several important considerations.

Make Changes to a Prenuptial Agreement In Writing

Chapter 52B also provides that any changes to a prenuptial agreement in North Carolina must be made in writing and signed by both parties. The writing requirement applies if the spouses want to amend the prenuptial agreement to feature different terms. The same requirement applies if the spouses wish to revoke or cancel their prenuptial agreement.

Avoid Last-Minute Prenuptial Agreements

This might seem like common sense. But it is worth hammering home nonetheless. The less time couples leave for the negotiation and drafting of a prenuptial agreement, the more likely the chance of dispute. When couples rush to create a prenuptial agreement shortly before their wedding, the chance of leaving out important terms or considerations escalates exponentially. Plan ahead to ensure that you and your spouse feel comfortable with your prenuptial agreement.

Separate Premarital Assets from Postmarital Assets

The separation of premarital and postmarital assets can be extremely important. If spouses commingle or mix their assets from before and after marriage, the distribution of property during divorce can get muddled. In such circumstances, it can be difficult to prove which spouse owned what property before their marriage. That would make a prenuptial agreement exceedingly difficult to enforce.

Treat Your Future Spouse Honestly and Respectfully

Whenever creating a prenuptial agreement, it is paramount for future spouses to remember that they are about to get married. They want to spend the rest of their life together. If either spouse enters prenuptial negotiations forcefully or aggressively, they may do irreparable harm to their relationship. That is why it is crucial to act in an upfront, honest and respectful way throughout the creation and execution of a prenuptial agreement.

Speak With an Experienced Family Law Attorney Today

If you are dealing with a prenuptial agreement, divorce or other aspects of family law, it is important to contact an experienced attorney. Don’t hesitate to reach out to Powers Landreth PLLC in North Carolina for help.

Resource:

ncga.state.nc.us/gascripts/Statutes/StatutesTOC.pl?Chapter=0052B

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How Settlement Negotiations Contribute to Amicable Divorce in North Carolina

The common perception of divorce is generally negative. Pop culture is rife with depictions of nasty divorces and spouses bickering over every single possession. Children are often caught in the crossfire, as their parents fight bitterly to take everyone possible from their former partner.

In order to avoid a costly and lengthy divorce battle in the courts, an increasing number of spouses are taking advantage of settlement negotiations. Using techniques from alternative dispute resolution, the settlement negotiation process helps amenable spouses work together to isolate a mutually beneficial solution to divorce.

The following sections will provide an overview of the settlement negotiation process in North Carolina.

What is the Settlement Negotiation Process in North Carolina?

As outlined in Chapter 50, Article 4 of the North Carolina General Statutes, settlement negotiations feature an out-of-court process for spouses who wish to divorce.

Instead of engaging in a fully fledged court process for divorce, settlement negotiations allow the spouses to resolve their issues directly. Stated otherwise, the spouses work with each other to design the parameters of their divorce.

Throughout the settlement negotiation process, the spouses and their respective attorneys will work together to plan the family’s post-divorce reality. If the spouses have children, they will need to determine child custody. In certain cases, alimony or other support may be appropriate. The spouses will also need to figure out the equitable distribution of the marital property that they share together.

Overall, the settlement negotiation process allows spouses to plan out all of the essential terms in a divorce, without the stress of court filings, appearances, and additional attorney’s fees.

How Do Settlement Negotiations Help Achieve Divorce in North Carolina?

Chapter 50, Article 4 of the North Carolina General Statutes outlines certain requirements necessary to achieve an out-of-court divorce. Assuming the spouses are able to agree amicably on all required divorce terms – including child support, property division, alimony, etc. – then there are a few remaining steps.

First things first, the spouses and their attorneys prepare a writing that summarizes their settlement negotiations. Both spouses and their respective lawyers must sign the writing. Without all required signatures, the writing is not valid or effective.

Secondarily, the writing must specify all of the agreements and understandings from the settlement negotiation process. This means that the writing must spell out in specific terms all agreements concerning alimony, child support, property division or other relevant terms.

Let Us Assist You Today

Whether you are dealing with settlement negotiations, it can be valuable to seek legal assistance from a skilled family law attorney. Don’t hesitate to contact Powers Landreth PLLC in Charlotte for help.

Resource:

ncleg.net/EnactedLegislation/Statutes/HTML/ByArticle/Chapter_50/Article_4.html

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Britny’s Law Enhances Punishment for Domestic Violence in North Carolina

“Britny’s Law” went into effect on December 1, 2017, enhancing the penalties for domestic violence in North Carolina, according to an article by WRAL.

Three years ago, Britny Puryear was stuck in a vicious relationship. At that time, Britny lived with her boyfriend in Fuqua-Varina, North Carolina. Over the course of four years, their relationship became increasingly abusive. The relationship ended after a violent argument in 2014, when the boyfriend shot and killed Britny in their home.

The boyfriend was arrested and charged with second-degree murder. He pleaded guilty in court and received a 32-year jail term. The boyfriend is currently serving his sentence.

Britny’s parents were not satisfied with this outcome. They felt that first-degree murder should apply, given the abusive history of the relationship. Outside of certain exceptions under the felony murder rule, first-degree murder requires premeditation. Stated otherwise, the killer must plan out the murder ahead of time. Generally speaking, that is a difficult standard to prove in cases of domestic violence like Britny’s, where an argument sparked violence.

To continue the fight, Britny’s parents contacted the North Carolina Coalition Against Domestic Violence (NCCADV). The NCCADV is a nonprofit organization dedicated to ending domestic violence and supporting victims.

Working alongside the NCCADV, Britny’s parents were able to find a Minnesota law that classified domestic violence killings as first-degree murder. So the NCCADV used the Minnesota law as a foundation to create similar legislation in North Carolina.

The initial form of Britny’s law would have made it much easier to apply first-degree murder whenever there was evidence of repeated past abuse. As the bill worked through the North Carolina legislature, however, there were some changes. In its final form, Britny’s law requires a previous conviction for domestic violence in order for first-degree murder to apply.

Overall, Britny’s law clears the path to first-degree murder for future domestic violence killings. If the killer has a previous conviction for domestic violence involving the victim, that qualifies as premeditation. In such circumstances, the resulting charge will likely be first-degree murder, not second-degree murder.

While Britny’s parents are happy to see changes to the domestic violence laws in North Carolina, they plan to continue fighting in their daughter’s honor. They would like to see the initial form of Britny’s law resurrected and signed into law, allowing any past evidence of abuse to escalate a domestic violence killing to first-degree murder.

Do You Need Legal Assistance?

If you are struggling with domestic violence, divorce or related concerns, it can be valuable to seek legal counsel from a trusted family law attorney. Contact Powers Landreth PLLC for dedicated assistance with your case.

Resource:

wral.com/family-still-pushing-for-stricter-domestic-violence-punishments-as-britny-s-law-takes-effect/17152551/

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Examining Marriage and Divorce Statistics in North Carolina

The North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) publishes a report each year detailing the number of marriages and divorces. The topic for exploration today is an analysis of DHHS data on the number of North Carolina marriages and divorces over the past five years.

It is crucial to note that 2017 is not yet available. As a result, the five-year period for analysis will be 2011 to 2016. The following sections will offer a statistical breakdown of DHHS data for the statewide resident population, total divorces, divorce rate, total marriages and marriage rate.

North Carolina Resident Population

In terms of resident population of North Carolina, the DHHS reported the following data.

• 2011: 9,651,025
• 2012: 9,747,021
• 2013: 9,845,432
• 2014: 9,940,387
• 2015: 10,042,802
• 2016: 10,146,788

Over the selected five-year period, the resident population of North Carolina increased by 495,763. The data indicates a lack of significant deviation during this time period. Overall, the resident population in North Carolina rose steadily and consistently from 2011 to 2016.

North Carolina Divorces and Divorce Rate

In terms of total divorces in North Carolina, the DHHS reported the following data.

• 2011: 36,044
• 2012: 36,346
• 2013: 34,218
• 2014: 33,797
• 2015: 30,816
• 2016: 32,960

In terms of the divorce rate in North Carolina, DHHS reported the following data.

• 2011: 3.7
• 2012: 3.7
• 2013: 3.5
• 2014: 3.4
• 2015: 3.1
• 2016: 3.2

Over the selected five-year period, total divorces decreased by 3,084 and divorce rate fell by 0.5 percent. There was a relatively large drop in both total divorces and divorce rate in 2015. Overall, total divorces and divorce rate decreased incrementally from 2011 to 2016.

North Carolina Marriages and Marriage Rate

In terms of total marriages in North Carolina, the DHHS reported the following data.

• 2011: 64,789
• 2012: 64,814
• 2013: 64,504
• 2014: 68,801
• 2015: 70,125
• 2016: 70,699

In terms of marriage rate in North Carolina, the DHHS reported the following data.

• 2011: 6.7
• 2012: 6.6
• 2013: 6.6
• 2014: 6.9
• 2015: 7.0
• 2016: 7.0

Over the selected five-year period, total marriages increased by 5,910 and marriage rate rose by 0.3 percent. From 2011 to 2012, both total marriages and marriage rate remained mostly constant. After a relatively sharp increase in 2014, the numbers seem to have leveled off again. Overall, total marriages and marriage rate increased incrementally from 2011 to 2016.

Let Us Help You with Your Case

If you are dealing with divorce, child custody or related concerns, there is no substitute for an experienced an experienced family law attorney. Reach out to the skilled Charlotte legal professionals at Powers Landreth PLLC for help today.

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Rylan’s Law Improves Child Custody Oversight in North Carolina

A new North Carolina measure called Rylan’s Law will increase oversight in child custody cases, according to an article by The News & Observer.

Rylan’s Law came into existence to address existing inefficiencies in the state child custody system. Specifically, lawmakers point to the notorious story of a young boy named Rylan. This boy drowned in a pool in April 2016, only weeks before his second birthday.

Before his death, domestic violence concerns forced Rylan and his sister into foster care in October 2015. But several months later, a judge ruled to return the Ryland and his sister to their mother in December 2015. This happened despite the mother’s pending case for child abuse. Approximately four months later, Rylan was dead.

To help prevent this type of disaster from reoccurring, North Carolina lawmakers designed Rylan’s Law. The law will require additional monitoring and oversight in the determination of child custody cases. Specifically, social workers must witness several interactions between the children and parents before making a child custody recommendation.

Considering the nature of this news development, it feels like a great time to review North Carolina laws concerning child support.

Best Interests of the Child in North Carolina

North Carolina laws place a premium on the best interests of the child. This is the single most important factor in any determination of child custody in North Carolina. Essentially, the courts will try to determine that custody arrangement will provide the best environment for the child or children.

In determining the best interests of the child or children, the courts will consider safety, domestic violence, income and other relevant factors. It is important to note that the parents or children can request specific custody arrangements. But the courts are not required to grant such requests. The courts are only responsible for safeguarding the best interests of the children involved.

Variations of Child Custody in North Carolina

There are two major types of child custody in North Carolina – sole custody and joint custody. We will discuss the specific characteristics of each type of custody below.

Sole custody in North Carolina refers to a situation where one parent has complete responsibility for the children. The other parent does not have any power over or rights concerning the children.

Joint custody in North Carolina refers to a situation where both parents share responsibility for their children. While it does not have to be an even split, both parents share decision-making power and custody.

Reach Out to Our Office for Help

Whether you are dealing with child custody, divorce or other facets of family law, it is generally prudent to consult with a knowledgeable family law attorney. The attorneys at Powers Landreth PLLC in Charlotte, North Carolina, feature more than 20 years of combined legal experience. Contact us today for assistance.

Resource:

newsobserver.com/news/politics-government/state-politics/article158688434.html

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Key Considerations for Child Custody in North Carolina

Today we will review a handful of key considerations for child custody situations that arise in North Carolina. Child custody is often the most challenging part of a divorce, with both parents fighting for custody of their children. In order to maintain focus on the children, North Carolina’s statutory approach places a premium value on the best interests of the children.

It should be noted that the parents can decide child custody outside of the courts. If the parents are able to come to a mutually acceptable agreement concerning child custody, then the matter is settled. Though if the court determines that the agreement is not in the best interests of the children, they can intervene.

Do North Carolina Laws Favor the Mother over the Father in Child Custody?

In short, no, North Carolina does not favor the mother’s rights over the father’s rights to child custody. Both parents have equal rights to custody. The courts will apply the best interests of the child standard to determine the proper custody arrangement.

Do Children Have the Ability to Influence the Custody Arrangement?

Unlike other states, North Carolina does not impose an age limit on children voicing an opinion on custody preferences. The court has discretion to hear testimony from children concerning their preferred custody arrangement. Though even if the court does hear such testimony, there is no requirement to abide by the child’s preferences.

Are Child Custody Arrangements Permanent in North Carolina?

Child custody arrangements are not permanent in North Carolina. There is a specific process in place for modifying child custody arrangements. Parents must demonstrate a substantial change in circumstances. It does not matter if the change in circumstances is positive or negative. But the change in circumstances must have a direct impact on the children involved.

Let Us Help You with Your Case

There can be numerous challenges in any matter concerning child custody, divorce or other aspects of family law. To overcome these challenges, it can be useful to seek counsel from a skilled family law attorney. The Charlotte legal team at Powers Landreth PLLC is prepared to assist you today.

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Candlelight Vigil for North Carolina’s Domestic Violence Victims

A crowd gathered in Graham, North Carolina, on to remember 77 victims who died as a result of domestic violence in the state in the past year, according to an article by The Times-News.

A joint effort organized by the Family Justice Center and Family Abuse Services, attendees assembled in front of the Alamance County War Memorial. With a crowd bearing candles to the light the night, the name of every one of the 77 domestic violence victims rang out into the darkness.

Part of the motivation for organizing this event centers on raising awareness of the growing domestic violence epidemic across Alamance County.

What is the Definition of Domestic Violence in North Carolina?

The legislature outlined the state-specific approach to domestic violence in Section 50B-1 of the North Carolina General Statutes. There are two major elements to the crime of domestic violence – personal relationships and types of conduct.

What is the Definition of Personal Relationship in North Carolina?

One element of the North Carolina definition of domestic violence concerns personal relationships. There are six different types of personal relationships outlined under Section 50B-1.

In order to qualify as a personal relationship, the people must be:

• Married or previously married;
• A male and female who currently live or previously lived together;
• In a parent-child or grandparent-grandchild relationship;
• Parents to the same child;
• Current or previous household members; or
• A male and female who are currently or were previously in a dating relationship.

What Conduct Qualifies as Domestic Violence in North Carolina?

The other element of the North Carolina definition of domestic violence concerns certain conduct. In cases where the perpetrator and victim have a personal relationship, it is domestic violence if the perpetrator:

• Inflicts harm or injury or attempts to inflict harm or injury;
• Threatens or harasses to the point of severe emotional distress; or
• Commits a sex crime, including rape.

Section 50B-1 does offer a specific exception concerning self-defense. If a person is in reasonable danger of injury or death, then they are allowed to defend themselves. In such circumstances of reasonable self-defense, it is not considered domestic violence.

Let Us Help You with Your Case

Whether you are facing domestic violence, divorce or other aspects of family law, it is important to have professional help. Don’t hesitate to reach out to Powers Landreth PLLC in Charlotte, North Carolina for assistance with your case.

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Can North Carolina Magistrates Refuse to Perform Same Sex Marriage?

After a federal appeals court ruling, a North Carolina law that enables magistrates to refrain from performing same sex marriages will continue in full force, according to an article by The Charlotte Observer.

Introduced as Senate Bill 2 by State Senator Phil Berger, the law in question allows magistrates and other officials to decline to perform a lawful marriage based on religious objections. Senate Bill 2 arrived in the North Carolina legislature in 2015, in response to a 2014 federal court decision.

That 2014 decision essentially legalized same sex marriage legal in North Carolina. Moreover, any magistrate who refused to perform a lawful wedding could be subject to discipline. Several months later, Berger introduced Senate Bill 2. Former Governor Pat McCrory vetoed the initial bill. But the legislature overcame that veto and passed Senate Bill 2 on June 11, 2015.

Approximately two weeks later, the United States Supreme Court decided Obergefell v. Hodges, rendering same sex marriage a fundamental, constitutional right across the United States. But Senate Bill 2 lives on in North Carolina, creating a potential conflict between state law and federal rights.

In an effort to combat Senate Bill 2, three different couples banded together to file a challenge in federal court. The couples argued that their taxes should not help facilitate this type of law. At the time of filing, approximately five percent of North Carolina magistrates were refusing to perform same sex marriages on religious grounds. Of particular note, every single magistrate in McDowell County was refraining from performing same sex marriages due to religious objections.

The United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit in Richmond, Virginia, heard the case. After considering the arguments and evidence, the Fourth Circuit determined that the couples lacked standing to bring a challenge. The court noted that none of the couples had their marriage licenses rejected. Without suffering harm – such as denial of marriage due to a magistrate’s religious objection – the couples are not allowed to challenge the law merely as taxpayers. As a result, the Fourth Circuit dismissed the case.

At this point, the couples will need to decide whether to appeal to the U.S. Supreme Court. Until then, Senate Bill 2 will continue on in full force as the law of the land in North Carolina.

Contact Us Today

If need legal help concerning same sex marriage, child custody or other facets of family law, you do not have to tackle every obstacle alone. You can turn to a proficient family law attorney at Powers Landreth PLLC in Charlotte, North Carolina to help you navigate toward an effective resolution. Reach out to us today for help.

Resources:

charlotteobserver.com/news/politics-government/article158591679.html

ncleg.net/Sessions/2015/Bills/Senate/PDF/S2v4.pdf

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